The East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in:
- 1857
- 1866
- 1876
- 1885
Dadabhai Naoroji founded the East India Association in London in 1866. It aimed to create awareness among the British public about India's conditions. It also sought to represent Indian interests before the British Parliament. The organization provided an early platform for presenting Indian grievances. It is regarded in the source as a forerunner of organized Indian nationalism.
The East India Association was established mainly to:
- Support British administrative policies
- Represent Indian interests in Britain
- Promote British trade in India
- Organize military resistance
The East India Association sought to present Indian grievances in Britain. It attempted to inform the British public about India's actual conditions. It also advocated fairer treatment and greater Indian representation. Dadabhai Naoroji used the organization as a platform for Indian interests. It therefore represented an early form of organized political activity.
Which of the following was a regional political association that preceded the Indian National Congress?
- Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
- Muslim League
- Swaraj Party
- Forward Bloc
Several regional political organizations developed before the INC. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was one of these organizations. The Indian Association and Madras Mahajan Sabha were other important examples. These bodies promoted political awareness and raised demands for reforms. Their activities helped prepare the ground for an all-India political organization.
The Indian Association was founded in 1876 by:
- Dadabhai Naoroji and Ranade
- Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose
- Tilak and Lajpat Rai
- Hume and W.C. Bonnerjee
The Indian Association was established in Calcutta in 1876. Its important founders were Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose. It aimed to promote political unity among Indians. It mobilized educated Indians against several colonial policies. The organization contributed to the development of an all-India nationalist outlook.
The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was established in:
- 1851
- 1857
- 1865
- 1870
The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded on 2 April 1870. It functioned as a mediating body between the government and people. It gave considerable attention to peasant interests. It was among the early representative political organizations in India. Its activities helped develop political consciousness before the formation of the INC.
Who among the following was associated with the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha?
- M.G. Ranade
- A.O. Hume
- W.C. Bonnerjee
- Bipin Chandra Pal
Mahadev Govind Ranade was associated with the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha. Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi was another important figure associated with it. The organization represented public grievances before the government. It also became an important precursor to later nationalist organizations. Its political activities contributed to the growth of organized nationalism.
The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha petitioned the House of Commons in:
- 1857
- 1875
- 1885
- 1905
The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha petitioned the House of Commons in 1875. It demanded greater Indian representation in the British Parliament. This showed the organization’s constitutional approach to political demands. Petitions later became an important method of the Moderate nationalists. The Sabha therefore provided an early example of constitutional political activity.
The Madras Mahajan Sabha was founded in:
- 1870
- 1876
- 1884
- 1889
The Madras Mahajan Sabha was established in 1884. Important leaders associated with it included P. Ananda Charlu. M. Veeraraghavachariar and G. Subramania Iyer were also associated with it. The organization helped develop political consciousness in southern India. It also cooperated with other political associations before the formation of the INC.
Which organization was founded in Calcutta in 1836 and is described in the source as an early political association?
- Indian Association
- Bangabhasha Prakashika Sabha
- Madras Mahajan Sabha
- Bombay Presidency Association
Bangabhasha Prakashika Sabha was founded in Calcutta in 1836. It was associated with the circle of Raja Rammohan Roy. It voiced Indian grievances regarding government policies. It also dealt with issues concerning taxation and education. The source considers it an important early stage in organized political activity.
The Indian Association was primarily associated with which section of Indian society?
- British soldiers
- European planters
- Princely rulers only
- Educated middle class
The Indian Association attracted educated Indians. Lawyers, journalists and young professionals formed an important part of its support base. It was not simply a social club for wealthy aristocrats. The organization emphasized political mobilization and public opinion. Its activities contributed to the emergence of broader nationalist politics.
The Bombay Presidency Association was founded in:
- 1870
- 1876
- 1885
- 1899
The Bombay Presidency Association was founded in 1885. It emerged in the context of political dissatisfaction in Bombay Presidency. Its important founders included Pherozeshah Mehta. K.T. Telang and Badruddin Tyabji were also associated with its foundation. The organization participated in the political activities that preceded and accompanied the INC.
Who among the following was NOT one of the founders associated with the Bombay Presidency Association?
- Pherozeshah Mehta
- K.T. Telang
- Badruddin Tyabji
- Surendranath Banerjee
Pherozeshah Mehta was an important Bombay political leader. K.T. Telang was also associated with the Bombay Presidency Association. Badruddin Tyabji was another important founder. Surendranath Banerjee was instead closely associated with the Indian Association. Therefore, he is the correct answer to this question.
The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in:
- Calcutta
- Madras
- Bombay
- Poona
The first session of the INC was held in Bombay in December 1885. The original proposed venue was Poona. The venue was shifted because of an outbreak of cholera in Poona. The first session was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College. W.C. Bonnerjee presided over the historic session.
Who presided over the first session of the Indian National Congress?
- Dadabhai Naorojis
- W.C. Bonnerjee
- A.O. Hume
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale
W.C. Bonnerjee was the president of the first INC session. The session was held in Bombay in December 1885. A total of 72 delegates participated in the session. The Congress initially followed moderate and constitutional methods. Its early demands focused on reforms and greater Indian participation in administration.
The first session of the Indian National Congress was held from:
- 1–3 January 1885
- 28–31 December 1885
- 15–18 August 1885
- 10–13 November 1885
The first INC session took place from 28 to 31 December 1885. It was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay. W.C. Bonnerjee presided over the session. Seventy-two delegates participated in it. The Congress initially emphasized constitutional methods and political reform.
Who played a major organizational role in the formation of the Indian National Congress?
- Lord Curzon
- A.O. Hume
- Lord Lytton
- Lord Ripon
A.O. Hume was a retired British civil servant. He played an important organizational role in establishing the INC. He worked with Indian political leaders to create an all-India political platform. The first Congress session was held in 1885. The source also discusses the controversial Safety Valve interpretation of his role.
The Safety Valve Theory is associated with the formation of:
- Muslim League
- Indian National Congress
- Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
- Indian Association
The Safety Valve Theory concerns the origins of the INC. It suggests that British officials supported the creation of a political platform. The proposed purpose was to channel growing political discontent into constitutional methods. A.O. Hume's role is central to this interpretation. Modern historical interpretations also emphasize the independent political awakening of Indians.
Which statement best represents the criticism of the Safety Valve Theory?
- Indians had no political consciousness before 1885
- Indian leaders had already developed political organizations and nationalist consciousness
- The Congress was founded only by British officials
- Regional associations had no political importance
The source presents the Safety Valve Theory as a debated interpretation. Indian leaders were already active in regional political organizations. Dadabhai Naoroji, Ranade and Surendranath Banerjee were examples. Their activities reflected an emerging political consciousness. Therefore, the Congress cannot be understood only through British initiative.
The Queen's Proclamation of 1858 resulted in:
- Restoration of East India Company rule
- Immediate independence of India
- Establishment of the INC
- Transfer of Indian administration to the British Crown
The Queen's Proclamation followed the Revolt of 1857. It formally transferred authority from the East India Company to the British Crown. This marked the beginning of direct Crown rule in India. The proclamation was issued on 1 November 1858. It also attempted to reassure Indian subjects regarding religion and governance.
The Queen's Proclamation of 1858 promised non-interference in:
- Trade
- Religious beliefs and customs
- Railway construction
- Industrial production
The proclamation attempted to reduce fears regarding religious interference. The British government promised not to interfere with Indian religious beliefs. This was particularly important after the events of 1857. The proclamation also promised equality before law in principle. However, the source notes that these ideals were not always followed in practice.
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