Who captured Arcot during the Second Carnatic War?
- Eyre Coote
- Robert Clive
- Dupleix
- Count de Lally
Robert Clive captured Arcot during the Second Carnatic War. Arcot was the capital of the Carnatic. His action diverted enemy forces from Trichinopoly. It greatly improved British prestige. The episode became an important turning point in the war.
The Second Carnatic War ended with the:
- Treaty of Paris
- Treaty of Allahabad
- Treaty of Pondicherry
- Treaty of Salbai
The Second Carnatic War ended in 1754. The Treaty of Pondicherry was associated with its conclusion. Muhammad Ali was recognized as Nawab of the Carnatic. The British and French agreed to reduce interference in Indian politics. The Treaty of Paris belonged to the later Third Carnatic War.
The decisive battle of the Third Carnatic War was:
- Plassey
- Buxar
- Wandiwash
- Adyar
The Battle of Wandiwash was fought in 1760. British forces were led by Eyre Coote. French forces were led by Count de Lally. The British victory effectively destroyed French military resistance in southern India. It helped establish British supremacy over other European powers in India.
The Third Carnatic War ended with the:
- Treaty of Paris
- Treaty of Pondicherry
- Treaty of Bassein
- Treaty of Sugauli
The Third Carnatic War ended in 1763. The Treaty of Paris brought the war to a conclusion. Some French settlements were restored. However, the French were not permitted to fortify them or maintain armies there. French political ambitions in India were therefore greatly reduced.
The first British trading post in India was established at:
- Bombay
- Surat
- Madras
- Calcutta
The British established their first trading post at Surat in 1612. The Mughal Emperor Jahangir granted important trading privileges. Captain William Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe were associated with British negotiations. Surat became an important early centre of British trade. British commercial activities later expanded to other parts of India.
Bombay came to the British Crown as part of the dowry of:
- Anne Boleyn
- Catherine of Braganza
- Queen Victoria
- Mary Tudor
Catherine of Braganza was a Portuguese princess. She married King Charles II of England. Bombay was transferred to the British Crown as part of her dowry in 1661. The Crown later leased Bombay to the East India Company in 1668. Thus, Bombay was not acquired through an Anglo-Mughal war.
Which Mughal emperor issued the important farman of 1717 to the East India Company?
- Aurangzeb
- Bahadur Shah I
- Farrukhsiyar
- Shah Alam II
Emperor Farrukhsiyar issued the farman in 1717. It granted major commercial concessions to the East India Company. The concessions included duty-free trade in important areas. These privileges strengthened British commercial activities. The farman became an important foundation for British economic expansion.
Which Mughal emperor's death in 1707 accelerated the political decline of the Mughal Empire?
- Akbar
- Shah Jahan
- Aurangzeb
- Bahadur Shah Zafar
Aurangzeb died in 1707. His death was followed by repeated succession struggles. Later Mughal rulers were generally weaker. Administrative corruption and factionalism increased. The decline of central authority allowed regional powers and European companies to expand.
Who formulated the “Blue Water Policy”?
- Afonso de Albuquerque
- Francisco de Almeida
- Nuno da Cunha
- Dom Joao de Castro
Francisco de Almeida was an important Portuguese governor. He emphasized naval power. His policy is known as the Blue Water Policy. The policy focused on Portuguese maritime supremacy in the Indian Ocean. Almeida played a major role in establishing Portuguese naval strength.
Who captured Goa for the Portuguese in 1510?
- Francisco de Almeida
- Nuno da Cunha
- Afonso de Albuquerque
- Vasco da Gama
Afonso de Albuquerque captured Goa in 1510. Goa became the main Portuguese base in India. Albuquerque is regarded as an important architect of the Portuguese empire in the East. His administration strengthened Portuguese territorial control. Goa remained under Portuguese rule until 1961.
Who shifted the Portuguese capital from Cochin to Goa?
- Francisco de Almeida
- Afonso de Albuquerque
- Nuno da Cunha
- Dom João de Castro
Nuno da Cunha served as Portuguese governor from 1529 to 1538. He shifted the Portuguese capital from Cochin to Goa. Goa became the centre of Portuguese administration. The shift strengthened Portuguese control over its Indian possessions. Goa subsequently remained the most important Portuguese centre in India.
The famous Battle of Diu of 1509 occurred during the tenure of:
- Francisco de Almeida
- Afonso de Albuquerque
- Nuno da Cunha
- Dom João de Castro
The Battle of Diu was fought in 1509. It occurred during Francisco de Almeida's viceroyalty. It was an important Portuguese naval victory. It strengthened Portuguese maritime dominance. The battle should not be confused with later Portuguese military actions at Diu.
The Battle of Plassey was fought in:
- 1757
- 1760
- 1764
- 1770
The Battle of Plassey was fought in 1757. Robert Clive led the British side. Siraj-ud-Daulah was the Nawab of Bengal. Mir Jafar's support was crucial to the British victory. Plassey marked a major turning point in the transformation of the Company into a territorial power.
Who was the Nawab of Bengal at the time of the Battle of Plassey?
- Mir Qasim
- Mir Jafar
- Shuja-ud-Daula
- Siraj-ud-Daulah
Siraj-ud-Daulah was the Nawab of Bengal. He fought the British East India Company at Plassey. Mir Jafar secretly sided with the British. The British victory greatly increased their political influence in Bengal. The battle became a foundation for subsequent British expansion.
Who supported Robert Clive during the Battle of Plassey?
- Mir Jafar
- Shah Alam II
- Tipu Sultan
- Shuja-ud-Daula
Mir Jafar was an important ally of Robert Clive. He did not effectively support Siraj-ud-Daulah during the battle. His alliance was a major factor in the British victory. He later became Nawab of Bengal. However, his position was heavily dependent on British support.
Which battle marked the beginning of the transformation of the East India Company into a territorial power?
- Battle of Swally
- Battle of Plassey
- Battle of Colachel
- Battle of Adyar
Plassey was fought in 1757. The British victory gave the Company major political influence in Bengal. The Company moved beyond its earlier commercial role. Control over Bengal's administration and revenues became increasingly important. Therefore, Plassey is considered a major turning point in British expansion.
The British forces at the Battle of Buxar were commanded by:
- Robert Clive
- Eyre Coote
- Warren Hastings
- Major Hector Munro
The Battle of Buxar was fought in 1764. Major Hector Munro commanded the British forces. Robert Clive did not command the British army at Buxar. The British defeated a combined Indian force. The victory greatly strengthened British political power in northern India.
Which group formed the alliance defeated at Buxar?
- Siraj-ud-Daulah, Mir Jafar and Tipu Sultan
- Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula and Shah Alam II
- Haidar Ali, Tipu Sultan and Nizam
- Peshwa, Scindia and Holkar
The Battle of Buxar was fought in 1764. Mir Qasim was the former Nawab of Bengal. Shuja-ud-Daula was the Nawab of Awadh. Shah Alam II was the Mughal emperor. Their combined forces were defeated by the British East India Company.
The Treaty of Allahabad granted the Company Diwani rights over:
- Bengal, Bihar and Orissa
- Punjab, Sindh and Kashmir
- Bombay, Madras and Bengal
- Mysore, Hyderabad and Bengal
The British victory at Buxar was followed by the Treaty of Allahabad. The Company received Diwani rights. Diwani meant the authority to collect revenue. The territories included Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. This greatly increased the Company's financial and political power.
After the Battle of Buxar, Shah Alam II became:
- Independent ruler of Bengal
- Nawab of Awadh
- A pensioner of the Company
- Governor of Bengal
Succession disputes occurred in Hyderabad and the Carnatic. European companies supported rival Indian claimants. The French supported Muzaffar Jung and Chanda Sahib. The British supported Nasir Jung and Muhammad Ali. European commercial rivalry therefore became closely connected with Indian politics.
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